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核辐射作为一种典型的电离辐射，其健康效应广泛涉及循环系统、消化系统、神经系统等多个重要生理系统。在进行核辐射健康风险评价时，必须综合考虑辐射来源、暴露途径以及人群特征等多方面因素，以科学监测和精准防护为基石，最大限度地降低核辐射对公众健康的潜在威胁。本文系统性地综述了口岸核辐射的健康效应、风险评价以及防护措施的研究进展，并深入探讨了口岸核辐射防护措施的现状与面临的挑战。特别指出，机器人技术和无人机技术在核辐射监测领域的应用前景广阔，有望为核辐射监测提供更为高效、精准的解决方案。此外，相比于短时高剂量核辐射，口岸人员可能更易长期暴露于低剂量核辐射，工作人员受到累积辐射暴露水平主要与工龄长短有关（低剂量核辐射暴露和肥胖对核电站工人全血细胞计数的影响）。未来的研究方向应聚焦于进一步明确低剂量辐射的健康效应，评估口岸人员的受照剂量，完善监测体系，并结合人工智能与大数据技术优化风险评价模型，从而全面提升口岸核辐射的防护能力，为保障公众健康和口岸安全提供坚实的科学依据与技术支持。
Abstract：As a typical form of ionizing radiation,the health impacts of nuclear radiation extensively involve multiple vital physiological systems,including the circulatory,digestive,and nervous systems. When conducting health risk evaluation for nuclear radiation,it is imperative to comprehensively consider various factors such as radiation sources,exposure routes,and population characteristics. Grounded in scientific monitoring and precise protection measures,the goal is to minimize the potential threats of nuclear radiation to public health to the greatest extent possible. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the health impacts,risk evaluation,and protective measures of nuclear radiation at ports. It also delves into the current status and challenges faced by protective measures against nuclear radiation at ports. It is particularly noted that robotic technology and drone technology hold promising prospects in the field of nuclear radiation monitoring,offering the potential to deliver more efficient and precise solutions for nuclear radiation surveillance. Furthermore,compared with short-term high-dose nuclear radiation,port personnel may be more likely to be exposed to long-term low-dose nuclear radiation,with cumulative radiation exposure level mainly related to the length of their working years. Future research directions should focus on further elucidating the health impacts of low-dose radiation,assessing the dose equivalent received by port personnel,refining monitoring systems,and optimizing risk evaluation models by integrating artificial intelligence and big data technologies. This will comprehensively enhance the protective capabilities against nuclear radiation at ports,providing a solid scientific foundation and technical support for safeguarding public health and port security.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:X591;X820.4
引用信息:
[1]秦佳,鞠志英,周茜等.口岸核辐射健康危害及风险评价研究[J].口岸非传统安全学刊,2025,2(03):48-55.
基金信息:
上海海关科技项目（SHK006-2024）